![]() ![]() The script is written by a man named Ipuwer and is written as an eye witness account. Gardiner in 1909. It is now held in the Dutch National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden, Netherlands. It’s time that scholars debate the evidence, rather than dismiss it or suppress it.The Ipuwer Papyrus (officially Papyrus Leiden I 344 recto) is an ancient Egyptian papyrus made during the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Here is a link to the translation of the papyrus. This perfectly coincides with the Biblical timeline – meaning, that the Exodus took place approximately 500 years prior to the building of the Temple of Solomon in the 10th century BCE. It states that “those who were Egyptians foreigners” i.e., they left! The Papyrus also helps us date the Exodus to the so-called “Hyksos Period” in Egyptian history i.e., approximately 1500 BCE. It literally describes the plagues, including the devastating hail, and then describes the Exodus itself. In desperation, Ipuwer states that “all is ruined”. The Papyrus states “gold is lacking…the palace is despoiled”. It seems that the Israelite slaves bankrupted Egypt. It states that “gold and lapis lazuli, silver and turquoise….are strung on the necks of maidservants”. The Bible also states that the “golden calf” was made from the jewelry of men (Exodus 32:1-4). Many parts of the desert tabernacle are made of pure gold. Interestingly, the Bible is explicit that the slaves carried great quantities of riches out of Egypt. Further, in almost the same words as the Bible which states that the water turned to blood, the Ipuwer Papyrus says “the river is blood”. It describes earthquakes, “the land turns around as does a potter’s wheel”. ![]() It states that the once powerful are in “distress”, while “the poor man is full of joy”. In direct parallel to the Biblical plagues (Exodus 12:13), the Papyrus states that “pestilence is throughout the land, blood is everywhere, death is everywhere”. It says that a man who could not afford to have “sandals for himself is now a possessor of riches”. It explicitly states that “poor men have become wealthy”. The text states, in a direct parallel to the Book of Exodus which describes the Israelites taking Egypt’s gold (Exodus 12:35), that “the servant takes what he finds”. I wonder who the “tribes of the desert” can be? Israel, of course. But why is it silly to see what is clearly there? The text states that “the tribes of the desert have risen above the Egyptians”. Scholars mock those who are silly enough to see similarities between the Egyptian text and the Bible. The fact is that there is no papyrus like the Ipuwer Papyrus. A “genre” is a French word for a series, class or category of stories that share common themes. Scholars have dismissed the Papyrus as a work of fiction and describe it as part of a “genre”. In the last part of the Papyrus, there’s a dialogue between Ipuwer and a deity called “The Lord of All”. The text explicitly describes the chaos caused by natural disasters, the fact that slaves have gained freedom and that the rich have become poor. It was found in 1828 in Memphis, near the pyramids in Saqqara. The pessimism of the text is remarkable because it isn’t common in Egyptian writings. In it, the Egyptian sage laments the chaos in Egyptian society caused by Semites in the Delta. It’s housed in the National Archaeological Museum in Leiden, Holland. It’s the longest Egyptian papyrus we have. It corroborates the Biblical account from a writer who is hostile to the Israelites. After my recent posts on the archaeological proofs of the Biblical Exodus ( Recent Find Strengthens my Timeline for The Biblical Exodus and Proof of the Exodus), some of you have written asking me to comment on the Ipuwer Papyrus.įor those who don’t know, the Ipuwer Papyrus is basically the story of the Biblical Exodus, from an Egyptian point of view. ![]()
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